Tessellations: The Art of Pattern-Making Through Geometry

When we think of patterns, we often associate them with repeating shapes and colors. However, the art of creating these patterns through geometry has been around for thousands of years. In fact, the first examples of tessellations can be traced back to the Sumerians in around 4000 BCE. These ancient civilizations used clay tiles to adorn their homes and temples with intricate patterns.

The word 'tessellation' comes from the Greek word 'tessera,' meaning four, which refers to the number of sides a square has. And indeed, squares are one of the simplest shapes to tile with, making them a popular choice for many ancient cultures. The etymology of the word suggests that the very first tilings were made using square shapes.

But tessellations aren't just limited to ancient civilizations. Today, artists and mathematicians continue to push the boundaries of pattern-making through geometry. One famous example is M.C. Escher, a Dutch artist known for his mind-bending prints that appear to defy logic.

Escher's work often features impossible constructions, like staircases that seem to go on forever or fish that walk on land. His use of tessellations adds an extra layer of complexity and beauty to these designs. By arranging shapes in repeating patterns, Escher creates a sense of depth and dimensionality that draws the viewer in.

Tessellations are more than just a visual trick, however. They also have practical applications in fields like architecture and design. For example, tessellations can be used to create intricate mosaics or to design repeating patterns for fabrics and wallpaper.

In conclusion, tessellations are an ancient art form that continues to inspire artists and mathematicians today. From the simple squares of ancient Sumeria to the complex designs of M.C. Escher, this geometric pattern-making technique is a testament to human creativity and ingenuity. Whether used in art or architecture, tessellations never fail to leave us in awe of their beauty and complexity.

Mc escher tiling